A notion that have been used in the wide fields as physics, biology, computer science, social science, business economics. Generally it means that the special quality as a whole not seen so far will appear by the interaction of individual elements making the whole, besides that the special quality as a whole will act on each element, and that the interaction between the whole and individual elements is repeated. Henri Bergson, a philosopher of France advocated that such a function of emergence is working in the basic part of life form. After that the studies about dissipative structure, chaos, the study of complex systems in the science field and biology, the theory of evolution, or the field of cognitive science, was advanced.
